phellem

1. Result: The phellem, phloem and xylem of wild bupleurum scorzonerifolium are different from those in the pharmacopoeia.
   结果：野生狭叶柴胡的木栓层，韧皮部，木质部的显微特征均于药典上的记载有所不同。
2. We see phellem below microscope, it is by by tens of thousands be just as alveolate to do cellular composition, air was filled inside the cell, formed many a airtight gasbag.
   我们在显微镜下看软木组织，它是由成千上万个如同蜂窝状的干细胞组成，细胞内布满了空气，形成了一个一个的密闭气囊。
3. Objective: To study the shape and micro-character of euonymus alatus with phellem wing as drug, it supplied the bases for identifying the euonymus alatus.
   目的：对以木栓翅入药的鬼箭羽的形态和显微特征进行研究，为鬼箭羽的鉴别提供依据。
4. Firstly, difference on the phellem: the periderm of smooth type was distinctly thinner than the other three types'bark, its number of layer was few;
   其差异首先表现在木栓层结构上：光皮型杜仲的周皮明显比其余3种类型树皮薄，木栓层层数少；
5. The gutta-percha content rate among different Eucommia clones had a significant negative relation with the phellem thickness and the ratio of phellem to bark thickness and it also negatively related to DBH, which indicated that larger DBH and thicker phellem led to less gutta-percha accumulations.
   杜仲无性系树皮的含胶率与木栓层厚度和木栓层占树皮厚度的百分比呈极显著的负相关关系，与胸径的大小呈显著的负相关关系。
6. RESULTS: These studies have proven its effective components are volatile oils and flavonoids and its main microscopic features are that phellem cells in its stem and palisade tissues contain some yellow-brown ingredients, In addition Its stems and leaves are covered by fuzzy secretory and non-secretory extra-epidermis cells.
   结果：证明其有效成分为挥发油、黄酮类化合物，主要显微特征为茎木栓细胞和叶栅栏组织均含黄棕色物质；茎和叶表皮外均被有众多非腺毛和少数腺毛；
7. According to the analysis of survey result: 1. A thin phellem or only an epidermis of 2& 3 years old branches can be considered as one of the insect's condition for selecting branches;
   根据观察结果分析，4种寄主树2&3年生枝条或具表皮，或木栓层很薄；
8. The periderm was composed of new phellem, older phellem and the cortex which was pressed by both new and older layers of phellem.
   周皮由新木栓层、旧木栓层以及新旧木栓层之间被挤压的皮层等颓废组织组成。初步推测，杜仲树皮的变异是由遗传水平上的变化引起的。
9. And, On the time of rough types'new phellem forming, the older phellem would accumulate.
   糙皮型杜仲在新的木栓层形成的同时，旧有的木栓层会产生积累。
10. Those rough types 'periderm such as superficial splitting, deep splitting and chap type was very thick, and it was composed of the old phellem, the new phellem and the decadence structure Which was pressed by the two layers.
    浅裂、深裂、龟裂这些糙皮型杜仲的周皮很厚，由旧有的木栓层和新形成的木栓层以及两层中间被挤压的皮层等颓废组织组成。
11. Furthermore, thick phellem can oppose injure from high temperature.
    此外，茎中发达的木栓层是良好的隔热材料，可以抵挡高温对它的伤害。
12. And that gutta-percha content in the bark decreases after the age of 6 due to the gradual formation of phellem because there is no gutta-percha in it and as a result, the utilization value of the bark is reduced.
    由于树皮木栓层不含杜仲胶，随着树龄增加，树皮木栓层逐步形成，树皮含胶率降低，利用率随之降低。
13. Secondly, there was a little of collenchyma whose texture was tight in smooth type's endothecium of phellem;
    另外，光皮型杜仲在栓内层分布有较少的，质地紧密的石细胞群；

noun

1. (botany) outer tissue of bark

   Synonym:    cork